Ĉi tio estas senprecedenca monda milito, kaj la homaro alfrontas la saman malamikon, la novan koron-viruson (COVID-19). La unua batalkampo estas la hospitalo, kie niaj soldatoj estas la medicinaj laborantoj. Por certigi, ke ĉi tiu milito povas esti gajnita, ni devas unue certigi, ke al nia medicina personaro oni garantias sufiĉajn rimedojn, inkluzive de spertoj kaj teknologioj. Ankaŭ ni devas certigi, ke la hospitalo estas la batalkampo, kie ni forigas la viruson, ne kie la viruso venkas nin. Tial la Jack Ma Foundation kaj Alibaba Foundation kunvenigis grupon da medicinaj spertuloj, kiuj ĵus revenis de la limregiono kontraŭbatalinta la pandemion. Kun la subteno de La Unua Asociita Hospitalo, Universitato de Medicina Lernejo de Zhejiang (FAHZU), ili rapide eldonis gvidlibron pri la klinika sperto pri kiel trakti ĉi tiun novan koronaviruson.
La kuracista gvidilo ofertas konsilojn kaj referencon kontraŭ la pandemio por medicinaj dungitoj en la tuta mondo, kiuj tuj aliĝos al la milito. Mia speciala danko eliras al la medicina personaro de FAHZU. Dum ili riskis kuraci kuracilojn per COVID-19, ili registris sian ĉiutagan sperton, kiu estas spegulita en ĉi tiu Manlibro. Dum la pasintaj 50 tagoj, 104 konfirmitaj pacientoj estis akceptitaj en FAHZU, inkluzive de 78 severaj kaj maltrankviligaj malsanaj. Dank 'al la pioniraj klopodoj de medicina personaro kaj apliko de novaj teknologioj, ĝis nun, ni atestis miraklon. Neniu personaro estis infektita kaj ne mankis ajnaj diagnozoj aŭ mortaj pacientoj en la libro. Hodiaŭ, kun la disvastiĝo de la pandemio, ĉi tiuj spertoj estas la plej valoraj fontoj de informo kaj la plej grava armilo por medicinaj laborantoj en la unua linio.
Ĉi tio estas tute nova malsano, kaj Ĉinio estis la unua kiu suferis la pandemion. Izolado, diagnozo, kuracado, protektaj mezuroj kaj resaniĝo ĉiuj komenciĝis de nulo. Ni esperas, ke ĉi tiu Manlibro povas doni al kuracistoj kaj flegistinoj en aliaj trafitaj lokoj valorajn informojn, por ke ili ne devu eniri la batalkampon sole. Ĉi tiu pandemio estas tiu, kiun alfrontas la homaro en la epoko de tutmondiĝo. En ĉi tiu momento, dividi informon, rimedojn, spertojn kaj lecionojn, sendepende de kiu vi estas, estas nia sola ŝanco por gajni. La vera kuracilo por ĉi tiu pandemio ne estas izolado, sed kunlaboro. Ĉi tiu milito ĵus komenciĝis.
Parto Unu ：Antaŭzorgo kaj Kontrolado
I. Izola Areo-Administrado
1 Febro-Kliniko
1.1. Aranĝo
（1） Kuracaj instalaĵoj starigu relative sendependan febran klinikon, inkluzive de ekskluziva unudirekta pasejo ĉe la enirejo de la hospitalo kun videbla signo;
(2) La movado de homoj sekvu la principon de "tri zonoj kaj du pasaj": poluita zono, eble poluita zono kaj pura zono, provizitaj kaj klare demarkitaj, kaj du bufraj zonoj inter la poluita zono kaj eble poluita zono;
(3) Sendependa paŝo devas esti ekipita por poluitaj aĵoj; starigu vidan regionon por unudirecta liverado de eroj de oficeja areo (en eble poluita zono) al izolita sekcio (poluita zono);
(4) Normaj taŭgaj proceduroj estu normigitaj por ke medicina personaro surmetu kaj deprenu sian protektan ekipaĵon. Faru fluotabulojn de diversaj zonoj, havigu spegulojn kaj observu la marŝajn vojojn strikte;
(5) Specialaj personoj pri prevento kaj kontrolo de infektoj devas helpi la medicinan personojn surmeti kaj forigi protektajn ekipaĵojn tiel, por preventi poluadon;
(6) Ĉiuj aĵoj en la poluita zono ne malinfektitaj ne estu forigitaj.
(2) Starigu antaŭekzamenon kaj sortan areon por plenumi antaŭlastan kribradon de pacientoj;
(3) Apartigu diagnozan zonon kaj kuracan zonon: tiuj pacientoj kun epidemiologia historio kaj febro kaj/aŭ spiraj simptomoj devas esti gvidataj en suspektatan COVID-19-pacientan zonon; tiuj pacientoj kun regula febro sed nenia klara epidemiologia historio gvidiĝos al regula febra pacienca zono.
1.3 Pacienca Administrado
(1) Pacientoj kun febroj devas porti medicinajn kirurgiajn maskojn;
(2) Nur pacientoj rajtas eniri la atendovicon por eviti supertuton;
(3) La daŭro de la vizito de la paciento estu minimumigita por eviti krucajn infektojn;
(4) Eduku pacientojn kaj iliajn familiojn pri frua identigo de simptomoj kaj esencaj preventaj agoj.
庚子真是多事之年啊。新冠疫情爆发至今三个月，从武汉开始蔓延，搅得周天寒彻。对这场突如其来的世纪灾难，我们从一开始就特别揪心，因为侄女就处在漩涡的最中心。她是武汉中心医院的医生，吹哨人李文亮的同事。面对呼啸而来的病毒，眼见同事一排排倒下，我们很难想象这几个月她是怎么度过的。那天我跟甜甜说，你知道你姐面对的是什么吗？她就在最惨烈的战场第一线，她的医院有大灾难的最早发哨人和吹哨人，为此牺牲了四位医生，200多员工感染。甜甜很认真地说：这与越战老兵类似，一定会有精神创伤，应赶紧寻求心理疏导的疗法（therapy）。告诉她，I am proud of her, and pray for her.
世界还需要加速推进针对COVID-19的治疗和疫苗的工作。科学家们能够在几天内对病毒基因组进行排序，并开发出几种有希望的候选疫苗，而流行病防备创新联盟(Coalition for Epidemic备灾创新联盟)已经准备了多达8种有希望的候选疫苗进行临床试验。如果这些疫苗中的一种或多种在动物模型中被证明是安全有效的，它们可能最早在6月就可以进行大规模试验。药物发现也可以通过利用已经进行了安全性测试的化合物库和应用新的筛选技术(包括机器学习)来识别可在几周内准备进行大规模临床试验的抗病毒药物来加速。
hownet 把 Attribute 与 AttributeValue 分开，命名方式一致，但是是两个岔。这在客观上造成了 features 数量 double 了的结果。在采用的过程中，觉得虽然这样一来【属性名】（逻辑名词）与【属性值】（逻辑形容词）从 category 角度是分清楚了，但是多了这么多 features 感觉不必要，累赘。于是做了如下变通：
颜色：color category 红色：color attribute
二者共用了 color 这个 feature。其区分可以用 features 之间的 AND 来表示。如果照搬 HowNet，词典标注大体是这样的：
颜色：ColorAttribute 红色：Color
至于 ColorAttribute 与 Color 的对应关系，那是在 HowNet 内部联系的（除了命名的助记效果外）。经过改造，都用 color 以后，这种关系就直接体现在词典的 features 中了。
好处是 HowNet 基本上把概念梳理出来了，这里不过是做了实用主义的技术性改造。一个语言的词汇表中，表示 atrribute value 的逻辑形容词，远远多于 表示其种类的词。有几百个表示颜色的词，但“颜色”本身只有一两个词（“颜色”、“色彩”）。为后者另外命名一套 features 感觉很不合算，也不方便。
白：本来就是某种意义上的“上位”。
李：一个是直接来一条竖线串联下来，而董老师是中间插了一条横线，等价于一个儿子两个老子，表示手段不同。一横一竖也不是没有道理。毕竟 “玫瑰红” 到 “红” 的 ISA 关系 与 “红” 到 “颜色” 的 ISA 不是同类的上下位。
每周工作超过60小时的美国人报告说，他们平均希望每周少工作25小时。他们这么说是因为工作使他们遭受“时间饥荒”。一项2006年的研究发现，这影响了他们与配偶和孩子建立牢固关系、维持家庭、甚至过上令人满意的性生活的能力。哈佛商学院(Harvard Business School)最近一项高管调查的一名受访者自豪地坚称，“我晚上给孩子们的10分钟比花在工作上的10分钟伟大一百万倍。”只有十分钟！
优雅地或至少冷静地承受这些时间的能力已经成为精英成功的标准。一家大公司的一名高管接受了社会学家阿丽·拉塞尔·霍奇奇德(Arlie Russell Hochschild)为其著作《时间捆绑》的采访。她观察到，展示了自己技能和奉献精神的有抱负的经理面临着的“最终淘汰赛”是这样的: “有些人会火冒三丈，变得古怪，因为他们一直在无休止地工作……而高层的人非常聪明，工作得像疯子一样，而且不会火冒三丈。他们仍然能够保持良好的心态，保持家庭生活在一起。最终是他们赢得了比赛。”
社会制度相应的变化，就是一个强健的安全网络，能容忍各种试错，能护扶年轻人的勇往直前不怕跌倒，让what doesn’t kill you makes you stronger不仅是一句鸡汤而能理直气壮成为他们的信念。当然，在美国，一个很重要但一直被忽略的，就是社会对基础研究的投入，想想如果当初的bell labs在美国到处开花。。。聪明的年轻人不用只往花街律师医生这几行里面挤了。
立委后记：
Great great thesis. Right to the point on problems of modern society. Is the solution feasible ?
立委按：偶然听到金灿荣教授在点评中美贸易摩擦升级的一个演说。他提到美国中情局定期发布更新的《世界概况》（The World Factbook），对中国经济有准确的描述，笑称，比发改委还要正面，就是一本【厉害了我的国】的英文版。出于好奇，上网查到了他说的这个报告，的确精细客观，大概是美国的智囊团专家和中国通们撰写的，具有不错的参考价值，利用搜狗机器翻译稍加编辑如下，以飨读者。
YANG: If you've heard anything about me and my campaign, you've heard that someone is running for president who wants to give every American $1,000 a month. I know this may sound like a gimmick, but this is a deeply American idea, from Thomas Paine to Martin Luther King to today.
Let me tell you why we need to do it and how we pay for it. Why do we need to do it? We already automated away millions of manufacturing jobs, and chances are your job can be next. If you don't believe me, just ask an auto worker here in Detroit.
How do we pay for it? Raise your hand in the crowd if you've seen stores closing where you live. It is not just you. Amazon is closing 30 percent of America's stores and malls and paying zero in taxes while doing it. We need to do the opposite of much of what we're doing right now, and the opposite of Donald Trump is an Asian man who likes math.
(APPLAUSE)
So let me share the math. A thousand dollars a month for every adult would be $461 million every month, right here in Detroit alone. The automation of our jobs is the central challenge facing us today. It is why Donald Trump is our president, and any politician not addressing it is failing the American people.
Mr. Yang, I want to bring you in. You support a Medicare for All system. How do you respond to Governor Inslee?
YANG: Well, I just want to share a story. When I told my wife I was running for president, you know the first question she asked me? What are we going to do about our health care?
That's a true story, and it's not just us. Democrats are talking about health care in the wrong way. As someone who's run a business, I can tell you flat out our current health care system makes it harder to hire, it makes it harder to treat people well and give them benefits and treat them as full-time employees, it makes it harder to switch jobs, as Senator Harris just said, and it's certainly a lot harder to start a business.
If we say, look, we're going to get health care off the backs of businesses and families, then watch American entrepreneurship recover and bloom. That's the argument we should be making to the American people.
YANG: I'm the son of immigrants myself. My father immigrated here as a graduate student and generated over 65 U.S. patents for G.E. and IBM. I think that's a pretty good deal for the United States. That's the immigration story we need to be telling.
We can’t always be focusing on some of the -- the -- the distressed stories. And if you go to a factory here in Michigan, you will not find wall-to-wall immigrants; you will find wall-to-wall robots and machines. Immigrants are being scapegoated for issues they have nothing to do with in our economy.
YANG: I speak for just about everyone watching when I say I would trust anyone on this stage much more than I would trust our current president on matters of criminal justice.
(APPLAUSE)
We cannot tear each other down. We have to focus on beating Donald Trump in 2020.
I want to share a story that a prison guard, a corrections officer in New Hampshire said to me. He said, we should pay people to stay out of jail, because we spend so much when they're behind bars. Right now, we think we're saving money, we just end up spending the money in much more dark and punitive ways. We should put money directly into people's hands, certainly when they come out of prison, but before they go into prison.
LEMON: Mr. Yang, why are you the best candidate to heal the racial divide in America -- your response?
YANG: I spent seven years running a non-profit that helped create thousands of jobs, including hundreds right here in Detroit, as well as Baltimore, Cleveland, New Orleans. And I saw that the racial disparities are much, much worse than I had ever imagined.
They're even worse still. A study just came out that projected the average African-American median net worth will be zero by 2053. So you have to ask yourself, how is that possible? It's possible because we're in the midst of the greatest economic transformation in our history. Artificial intelligence is coming. It's going to displace hundreds of thousands of call center workers, truck drivers -- the most common job in 29 states, including this one.
And you know who suffers most in a natural disaster? It's people of color, people who have lower levels of capital and education and resources. So what are we going to do about it? We should just go back to the writings of Martin Luther King, who in 1967, his book "Chaos or Community", said "We need a guaranteed minimum income in the United States of America." That is the most effective way for us to address racial inequality in a genuine way and give every American a chance in the 21st Century economy.
你知道谁在自然灾害中受害最深吗?是有色人种，他们的资本、教育和资源水平较低。那么我们要怎么做呢?我们应该回顾一下马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King)的著作，他在1967年出版的《混乱还是社区》(Chaos or Community)一书中说，“我们需要美国有保障的最低收入。”这是我们以真正的方式解决种族不平等问题、让每个美国人在21世纪的经济中都有机会（分享经济红利）的最有效方式。
(掌声)
莱蒙:杨先生，非常感谢。
BIDEN: - in research for new alternatives to deal with climate change.
BASH: Mr. Yang, your response?
BIDEN: And that's bigger than any other person.
YANG: The important number in Vice President Biden's remarks just now is that he United States was only 15 percent of global emissions. We like to act as if we're 100 percent, but the truth is even if we were to curb our emissions dramatically, the earth is still going to get warmer.
And we can see it around it us this summer. The last four years have been the four warmest years in recorded history. This is going to be a tough truth, but we are too late. We are 10 years too late. We need to do everything we can to start moving the climate in the right direction, but we also need to start moving our people to higher ground.
And the best way to do that is to put economic resources into your hands so you can protect yourself and your families.
TAPPER: Thank you, Senator Gillibrand. Mr. Yang, in poll after poll democratic voters are saying that having a nominee who can beat President Trump is more important to them than having a nominee who agrees with them on major issues. And right now, according to polls, they say the candidate who has the best chance of doing that, of beating President Trump is Vice President Biden. Why are they wrong?
YANG: Well, I'm building a coalition of disaffected Trump voters, independents, libertarians, and conservatives, as well as democrats and progressives. I believe I'm the candidate best suited to beat Donald Trump and as for how to win in Michigan and Ohio and Pennsylvania, the problem is that so many people feel like the economy has left them behind.
What we have to do is we have to say look, there's record high GDP in stock market prices, you know what else they're at record high is? Suicides, drug overdoses, depression, anxiety. It's gotten so bad that American life expectancy had declined for the last three years.
And I like to talk about my wife who is at home with our two boys right now, one of whom is autistic. What is her work count at in today's economy. Zero and we know that's the opposite of the truth. We know that her work is amongst the most challenging and vital.
The way we win this election as we redefine economic progress to include all the things that matter to the people in Michigan and all of us like our own heath, our well being, our mental health, our clean air and clean water, how are kids are doing.
If we change the measurements for the 21st century economy to revolve around our own well being then we will win this election.
(CROSSTALK)
TAPPER: Thank you, Mr. Yang. Congresswoman Gabbard, your response?
BASH: Mr. Yang, Mr. Yang, women on average earn 80 cents, about 80 cents for every dollar earned by men. Senator Harris wants to fine companies that don't close their gender pay gaps. As an entrepreneur, do you think a stiff fine will change how companies pay their female employees?
YANG: I have seen firsthand the inequities in the business world where women are concerned, particularly in start-ups and entrepreneurship. We have to do more at every step. And if you're a woman entrepreneur, the obstacles start not just at home, but then when you seek a mentor or an investor, often they don't look like you and they might not think your idea is the right one.
In order to give women a leg up, what we have to do is we have to think about women in every situation, including the ones who are in exploitive and abusive jobs and relationships around the country. I'm talking about the waitress who's getting harassed by her boss at the diner who might have a business idea, but right now is stuck where she is.
What we have to do is we have to give women the economic freedom to be able to improve their own situations and start businesses, and the best way to do this is by putting a dividend of $1,000 a month into their hands.
(APPLAUSE)
It would be a game-changer for women around the country, because we know that women do more of the unrecognized and uncompensated work in our society. It will not change unless we change it. And I say that's just what we do.
Mr. Yang, Iran has now breached the terms of the 2015 nuclear deal after President Trump withdrew the U.S. from the deal, and that puts Iran closer to building a nuclear weapon, the ability to do so, at the very least. You've said if Iran violates the agreement, the U.S. would need to respond, quote, "very strongly." So how would a President Yang respond right now?
YANG: I would move to de-escalate tensions in Iran, because they're responding to the fact that we pulled out of this agreement. And it wasn't just us and Iran. There were many other world powers that were part of that multinational agreement. We'd have to try and reenter that agreement, renegotiate the timelines, because the timelines now don't make as much sense.
But I've signed a pledge to end the forever wars. Right now, our strength abroad reflects our strength at home. What's happened, really? We've fallen apart at home, so we elected Donald Trump, and now we have this erratic and unpredictable relationship with even our longstanding partners and allies.
What we have to do is we have to start investing those resources to solve the problems right here at home. We've spent trillions of dollars and lost thousands of American lives in conflicts that have had unclear benefits. We've been in a constant state of war for 18 years. This is not what the American people want. I would bring the troops home, I would de-escalate tensions with Iran, and I would start investing our resources in our own communities.
TAPPER: Welcome back to the CNN Democratic presidential debate. It is time now for closing statements. You will each receive one minute. Mayor de Blasio, let's begin with you.
YANG: You know what the talking heads couldn't stop talking about after the last debate? It's not the fact that I'm somehow number four on the stage in national polling. It was the fact that I wasn't wearing a tie. Instead of talking about automation and our future, including the fact that we automated away 4 million manufacturing jobs, hundreds of thousands right here in Michigan, we're up here with makeup on our faces and our rehearsed attack lines, playing roles in this reality TV show.
It's one reason why we elected a reality TV star as our president.
(LAUGHTER)
(APPLAUSE)
We need to be laser-focused on solving the real challenges of today, like the fact that the most common jobs in America may not exist in a decade, or that most Americans cannot pay their bills. My flagship proposal, the freedom dividend, would put $1,000 a month into the hands of every American adult. It would be a game-changer for millions of American families.
If you care more about your family and your kids than my neckwear, enter your zip code at yang2020.com and see what $1,000 a month would mean to your community. I have done the math. It’s not left; it’s not right. It’s forward. And that is how we’re going to beat Donald Trump in 2020.
大家看到的似乎是除了词例外长得一模一样的两张图，但实际上，两个坑有语义差异，两个萝卜也有语义差异，这些语义差异引发的内部的较量已经完成，可以说提前撇下句法进入语义了。相应语义标签，在下一阶段开发完成后也会提供出来。记得当年长者的同学窦祖烈先生的汉英机器翻译系统就栽在我给他出的这个例子上：“这辆车能坐六个人”被翻译成“This car can sit six people”。后来我说，把“坐”换成“载”试试？老先生这个高兴啊……
The term Artificial Intelligence (AI), which traces its roots to the milestone Dartmouth's historic conference, is quite a bit of an afterthought by the then thought-leaders of the time, with an emphasis on artificiality. It, in essence, defines the true nature of AI as a fake intelligence that simulates human intelligence. But we seem to often forget that.
Those commonly known as "vegetarian chicken" or "vegetarian duck" are soy products, generally classified under the category of "artificial protein". The gap between "artificial proteins" and "animal proteins" is very comparable to that between "artificial intelligence" and "human intelligence". Every vegetarian eating "vegetarian chicken" knows clearly that it is fake meat so they feel comfortable enjoying it with its great taste. In contrast, almost all media and the majority of users of AI products today rarely regard the nature of AI as fake intelligence. That is quite a surprise to me.
I don't know if it's just tabloid hype or it's true. But the impression is fairly clear that those popular AI stars more and more often act like god. They seem to love to use super big words and philosophical metaphors which lead the mass to the belief of an equal sign between AI and human I. I don't think it is so much a sense of mission as a sense of superiority and ego, and they just feel too good about themselves in mastering some magic of AI algorithms. It occurs to me that if you act like God, talk like God, over time you will believe you are God. In times of AI bubbles, people buy that; more importantly, media love that, and investors are willing to pay high.
My entire career has been engaged in "natural language understanding" (NLU), with a focus on "parsing", which was for a long time widely accepted as the key to language understanding, the crown of artificial intelligence as some experts put it. As practitioners in developing industrial products, we know all these AI terms such as language understanding, machine learning, neural networks, plus AI itself, are just analogy or metaphors. AI models are just simulations, mechanical programs attempting to mimic intelligent tasks. But that is apparently not what has been depicted by media's efforts for "AI marketing", nor is it educated by the few AI stars at the spotlight. The public opinions or even decision-makers, shaped or influenced by such media, run more and more towards the opposite. So it might be high time to air a different voice and re-uncover the true nature. Artificial intelligence is fake intelligence by its very nature, filled with "artful deception", as pointed out by Pierce in the AI history. His criticism has never been out of time. In fact, there is never a time with this much "artful deception" built into products such as intelligent assistants, so artful that we start getting used to it for the convenience.
What is "understanding"? Strictly speaking, the computer has zero intelligence except for its mechanical computation and memorization. Natural language understanding has always been a metaphor by convention, that is why the Turing test was purposely designed to define "artificial intelligence" by bypassing "understanding". This is by no means to deny the breakthrough in recent years in the functional success stories of AI applications such as speech processing, image recognition, and machine translation.
We all have had personal life experiences when we were amazed at some functions performed by a non-human. As a child, I was amazed for quite some time that the radio could "talk", how "intelligent" this box called radio was. My mother had been confined to a remote rural area in her childhood, and when she went to a middle school in the nearby town, she had a chance to see an automobile running on the road for the first time. She ran away in awe and years later described to me the shock at the time when a non-human machine was running so fast. That is beyond intelligent to her mind. We all had those first times of "intelligence" shock, the first time we had access to a calculator when I was a middle school kid, the first time we walked through an automatic door, the first time we went to the bathroom which automatically flushed the toilet, not to mention the first time we used GPS. All those fake intelligence behaviors look so true and superior to our modest being when we are first exposed to them. But now such "intelligence-like behavior" is all out, we all accept that it is non-I. By human nature, we tend to over-read the meaning when we do not understand something. We are shocked to see any "automatic" behavior or response from a non-human, regardless of whether the mechanism behind is simple or an algorithm with complexity. Such shock is easy to amplify, and it's hard not to be fooled by wonders if we don't understand the mechanisms and principles behind, which happens a lot around the media talks about AI. In recent years, the media and industry are never tired of "man-machine competitions", in games and knowledge showoffs, in order to demonstrate that now AI beats human. Sometimes in my dreams, I have been haunted by similar images of human weight lifting champions challenging a crane to see who could lift the ton of steel with a single swipe.
In recent years, some celebrity CEOs in industry and legendary figures in the science community have seriously begun to talk about the problem of the emotional machines and the threat from machines equipped with super-human AI. It is often far fetched, citing functional AI success as autonomous intelligence or emotions. I would not be surprised when the topic is taken one step further to start discussing the next world problem as recreating hormones and reproductive systems in machines. Why not? Machines are believed to develop a neural network to become this powerful, it is a natural course to be reproductive and even someday marry humans for the man-machine hybrid kind. Science fiction and reality tend to get mingled all in a mass too easily today.
Nowadays, artificial intelligence is just like a sexy modal attracting all the eyeballs. Talking to an old AI scholar the other day, he pointed out that AI is, in fact, a sad subject. A significant feature of AI is to temporarily hold things whose mechanisms are not yet clear. Once the mechanisms are clear, it often becomes "non-artificial intelligence" and develops into a specialized discipline on its own. The plane is up in the air, the submarine is under the water, deployed everywhere in our land for decades. Do people who design airplanes and submarines call themselves artificial intelligence researchers? No, they are experts of aerodynamics, fluid dynamics, and have little to do with AI. Autonomous driving today is still under the banner of AI, but it has less and less to do with AI as time moves on. Aircraft has long been self-driving for the most part, no one considered that artificial intelligence, right? Artificial intelligence is not a science that can hold a lot of branches on its own. The knowledge that really belongs to artificial intelligence is actually a very small circle, just like the part that really belongs to human intelligence is also a very small circle, both of which are much smaller than what we anticipated before. What is the unchangeable part of AI then? We might as well return to some original formulations by the forefathers of AI, one being a "general problem solver" (Simon 1959).
(Courtesy of youdao-MT for the first draft translation of my recent Chinese blog, without which I would not have the energy and time in its translation and rewriting here.)
现如今人工智能好比一个性感女郎，沾点边的都往上面贴。今天跟一位老人工智能学者谈，他说，其实人工智能本性上就是一个悲催的学科，它是一个中继站，有点像博士后流动站。怎么讲？人工智能的本性就是暂时存放那些机理还没弄清楚的东西，一旦机理清楚了，就“非人工智能化”了（硬赖着不走，拉大旗作虎皮搞宣传的，是另一回事儿），独立出去成为一个专门的学科了。飞机上天了，潜艇下水了，曾几何时，这看上去是多么人工智能啊。现在还有做飞机潜艇的人称自己是搞人工智能的吗？他们属于空气动力学，流体动力学，与AI没有一毛钱的关系。同理，自动驾驶现如今还打着AI的招牌，其实已经与AI没啥关系了。飞机早就自动驾驶了，没人说是人工智能，到了汽车就突然智能起来？说不过去啊。总之，人工智能不是一个能 hold 住很多在它旗下的科学，它会送走一批批 misfits，这是好事儿，这是科学的进步。真正属于人工智能的学问，其实是一个很小的圈圈，就好比真正属于人类智能的部分也是很小的圈圈，二者都比我们直感上认为的范围，要小很多很多。我问，什么才是真正的恒定的AI呢？老友笑道，还是回到前辈们的原始定义吧，其中主要一项叫做“general problem solver”（西蒙 1959）。
Allison is my all time favorite, with her unique voice. The footage I shot is from a Costco tv demo plus the footage from the Apple Store in the new headquarters
这条路线的搜索空间 （universe）是句子长度 n 的这样的一个函数：可以 assume n 中每两个词都必须发生7种二元关系之一。三种是实关系但是有方向（父父子子），所以“原子化”后就是6种实关系，即，是二元排列不是组合。第7种是：无关系。无关系也算关系，就一网打尽了。任意两词只允许发生7种关系之一，不能多也不能少。在 n 不大的时候，搜索空间爆炸得不算厉害。
白：ordered pairs，A跟B和B跟A可以有不同的关系标签。
李：对，有这个二元循环的可能，忘了这茬了。不过那很罕见，对于搜索空间影响不大。能想到的只有 定语从句谓词与中心词有二元循环关系，一个 mod 一个 arg 方向相反。
what 似乎也不齐全，只是展示结构的 what，没有展示结构的功能性（角色）。所以，作为学习，这里有两个空白需填补，一个是 how，尤其是语义相谐机制，怎么招之即来挥之即去的。另一个是逻辑语义，逻辑语义怎么在句法或逻辑的链接基础上得出的。当然这二者是相关的，前者是条件，后者是结论。目前展示的结构树图就是个架子和桥梁。
看目前 Siri 的水平，相当不错了，蛮impressed，毕竟是 Siri 第一次把自然语言对话推送到千千万万客户的手中，虽然有很多噱头，很多人拿它当玩具，毕竟有终端客户的大面积使用和反馈的积累。尽管如此，后出来的 Google Assistant 却感觉只在其上不在其下，由于搜索统治天下20年的雄厚积累，开放类知识问答更是强项。
所有话术都那么具有可爱的欺骗性，until 最后一句，莫名其妙回应说 this isn't supported.
（顺便一提，上面终于发现一个语音转写错误，我跟 Google Assistant 说的是，you are both funny and sometimes amusing. 她听成了 and sometimes I'm using. 从纯粹语音相似角度，也算是个 reasonable mistake，从句法角度，就完全不对劲了，both A and B 要求 A 和 B 是同类的词啊。大家知道，语音转写目前是没有什么语言学句法知识的，为了这点改错，加上语言学也不见得合算。关键是，其实也没人知道如何在语音深度神经里面融入语言学知识。这个让深度学习与知识系统耦合的话题且放下，以后有机会再论。）
2 短语：VP = Verb Phrase; AP = Adjective Phrase; NP = Noun Phrase; VG = Verb Group; NG = Noun Group; NE = Named Entity; DE = Data Entity; Pred = Predicate; CL = Clause;
3 句法：H = Head; O = Object; S = Subject;M = Modifier; R = Adverbial; (veryR = Intensifier-Adverbial); NX = Next; CN = Conjoin; sCL = Subject Clause；oCL = Object Clause; mCL = Modifier/Relative Clause; Z = Functional; X = Optional Function
除了已经死去的语言，语言的地理分布不难确认。可世界语国（Esperantio）在哪里？世界语者（Esperantistoj）会很自豪地告诉你：nenie kaj chie (哪里都没有，可又无所不在). Esperantio estas tie kie estas Esperantistoj. (哪里有世界语者，哪里就成为世界语国。) 这使我想起我的基督徒朋友，他们对精神家园也有类似的表述。圣经说（大意），哪里有基督徒聚会，哪里就是我的国度。
圣马力诺世界语科学院院长、西德控制论专家 Frank 教授是致力于世界语和科技相结合的头面人物。Frank 一家都热衷于世界语活动，在71届世界语大会前，他携夫人和女儿全家来访。来之前，信息管理系主任、老世界语者欧阳文道跟我联系，安排我为 Frank 全家现场表演我编制的世界语软件：一是我的硕士项目，一个世界语到汉语和英语的自动翻译系统（叫 E-Ch/A），二是我编制的一个英语到世界语的术语自动转写系统（叫 TERMINO）。这是他接待 Frank 教授的一个重头戏。我于是认真准备，在机房等待欧阳先生陪 Frank 全家进来。我的印象是，Frank 教授西装革履，风度翩翩，他太太雍容华贵，和蔼可亲，两个金发女儿，也亮丽鲜艳。我用世界语招呼客人后，一边讲解，一边演示。果然，Frank 教授一家对我的两个系统兴趣浓厚，当场试验了几个句子和一批术语，连连称赞。Frank 当即问我，你能尽快把该系统的概述给我的杂志发表么？我说，已经提交世界语科技研讨会了。教授说，没有关系，我们不介意，只要你允许我发表即可。Frank 教授回国后，以最快时间在他的控制论杂志作为首篇刊发了我的系统概述，这成为我学术生涯上在科技刊物正式发表的第一篇论文。我也被吸收为圣马力诺世界语科学院成员。不仅如此，Frank 教授随后在他给陈原和欧阳文道诸先生的探讨中德合作计划的长信中，强调要资助立委硕士到他的实验室继续开发这套系统。可惜，由于种种原因，我未能成行。（见《朝华午拾：一夜成为万元户》）
说到伊朗世界语者，还遇到一位姑娘，身材高挑，皮肤白皙，极为漂亮，可惜世界语只是初级水平，不易沟通。她是由母亲（也很年轻，有人说她们是姐妹）带领来参加盛会的。漂亮姑娘谁不愿意多看一眼，所以在大会组织到长城游览时，我就有意无意跟在她一拨登长城。记得在长城半路，遇到外院一批小伙子下长城，这几个挺帅气的小伙子同时在少女前停下来，惊为天人。他们毫不掩饰地赞叹，天哪，你怎么这么漂亮。（我还是第一次听到中国小伙子当面夸姑娘漂亮，但是他们的率真很可爱）。姑娘微笑不语（大概也不会英语），小伙子于是转向她的妈妈：“Your sister is so beautiful”。妈妈说：“Thanks. But she is my daughter.” 言语里透出无限的自豪骄傲，看样子她当年肯定也是个大美人。后来我想，原来，人的爱美之心都是一样的。记得当时，北京电视台摄影记者大会采访，也随我们登上了长城，跟我们一样兴奋，制作了关于世界语的一个文艺片，还配上了很好听的歌曲。（真的是好制作，可惜只播放了一次，不知道有没有有心人存录下来）。
人都说世界语不是任何人的母语，只是部分无产阶级或者小资产阶级的业余爱好。其实，因为热衷世界语的人往往喜欢国际交往和各处旅游，结果成就了很多婚姻。这样的世界语家庭里面已经出现了一批母语（家庭用语）是世界语的后代。71届世界语大会时候遇到过一批来自欧洲的这样的少年，他们很自豪地告诉我：“Ni estas denaskaj Esperantistoj” (We are Esperantists by birth)。
